The main objective of this article is to establish a new model and find some vortex axisymmetric solutions of finite core size for this model. We introduce the hydrodynamical equations governing the atmospheric circulation over the tropics, the Boussinesq equation with constant radial gravitational acceleration. Solutions are expanded into series of Hermite eigenfunctions. We find the coefficients of the series and show the convergence of them. These equations are critically important in mathematics. They are similar to the 3D Navier-Stokes and the Euler equations. The 2D Boussinesq  equations preserve some important aspects of the 3D Euler and Navier-Stokes equations such as the vortex stretching mechanism. The inviscid 2D Boussinesq equations are known as the Euler equations for the 3D axisymmetric swirling flows.This model is the most frequently used for buoyancy-driven fluids, such as many largescale geophysical flows, atmospheric fronts, ocean circulation, clued dynamics. In addition, they play an important role in the Rayleigh-Benard convection.

It is generally believed that, on slender delta wings, there is a critical state at which strong asymmetric vortices are found along the leading edge on the leeside of the delta wing. These asymmetric vortices can lead to high lateral forces even when slender delta wing is at the zero angle of yaw. Some experimental studies reported recently, cast considerable doubt as to the validity of the above explanations. A wind tunnel investigation was, therefore, performed to study afresh this phenomenon. The flow over four sharp edged delta wings with aspect to a ratio ranging of 0.56 to 1.46 was investigated using flow visualization with laser light sheet and some surface pressure as well as hot wire measurement. The tests were conducted for angles of attack ranging from 0 to 30 deg and at a free-stream velocity of 30m/s corresponding to a Reynolds number of 4.8 × 105 based on the center line chord of the wing. The results obtained suggest the absence of asymmetry in the vortex core position in the flow.      

Objective: Posterior urethral valves (PUV) are the most common cause of bladder outlet obstruction in infancy that impair renal and bladder function. This study was planned to evaluate and record the various clinical presentations and management, complications, and surgical management and long-term outcome of PUV.Methods: In a retrospective study, 98 patients who have been treated for PUV are evaluated in Mofid Children’s Hospital from January 2007 to December 2012. Detailed history taken and paraclinical examinations were performed in each patient and diagnosis was confirmed by voiding-cysto-urethrography (VCUG). PUV had been ablated in 62 patients by electric hook, and diversion was performed in 42 (42.85%) cases. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version18.Findings: Totally 98 patients with mean age at diagnosis 62 (±13) days were included in this study. Fifty seven cases had been catheterized within one to 6 days of life (mean age one day), PUV was ablated in 62 patients by electric hook, and diversion was performed in 42 cases. The most common symptom in our group was dribbling poor stream 51% and urinary tract infection (UTI) 40.8%. There was vesico-ureteral-reflux (VUR) in 61.2%, and hydronephrosis in 82.6%. Most common associated anomaly was kidney anomalies (multicystic kidney disease and renal agenesis/dysplasia) in 8 (8.2%) patients. Twenty patients had prenatal diagnosis of PUV. Complication occurred in three (3.1%) patients. Mortality occurred in 5 (5.1%) patients.Mean follow-up period was 3.4±1.2 years (1.5 months to 5 years).Conclusion: Urinary drainage by feeding tube in early days of infancy, followed by valve ablation is the best treatment in PUV, and urinary diversion improves the outcome. VCUG is still the gold-standard imaging modality for documenting PUVs. The factors like renal dysplasia and UTI have their role in final outcome.

Background Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common lethal congenital anomaly. Early diagnosis of CHD by fetal echocardiography based on maternal and fetal indications is important and lifesaving. The aim of study was to assess the referral aspects of pregnant women to pediatric cardiologist. Materials and Methods This was a retrospective cross-sectional study on 250 documents of referred pregnant women, which was conducted in Imam Reza hospital (Mashhad city, Iran) from 2012 to 2017. Relevant factors of referral to pediatric cardiologist were assessed in an unselected population of pregnant women, mostly based on guideline indications. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 16. 0. Results From 250 fetuses 59. 8% were male. The most common reasons of referral were abnormal ultrasonography and family history of CHD with 83% and 28. 8 %, respectively, which were referred mostly by gynecologist (53. 7%). Fetuses were mostly Singleton (98. 8%). Five and six percent had associated extra-cardiac anomalies, mostly central nervous system and renal disorders. The mean age of referred pregnant women was 31. 5+5. 14 years. The mean age of gestation was 24. 5+ 6. 09 weeks. Seventy-one cases (28. 4 %) have similar history in prior children. Conclusion Timely referral to pediatric cardiologist as an extraordinary benefit for pregnant women and also ongoing follow-up for the baby is requires an organized observation. Assessment and comparison with universal guidelines reveals our shortcomings. More than half of referred cases were identified too late in time and the whole indications were not done accurately.

Background: Carotid artery stenting is now used as an alternative to surgical endarterectomy. This study was done to assess the feasibility, safety, and immediate and late clinical outcomes in patients undergoing carotid stenting.Methods: Between July 2008 and December 2009, a total of 40 patients (20 male, mean age: 65±11 years, 19 symptomatic, and 90% high risk for endarterectomy) underwent carotid artery stenting with different embolic protection devices and carotid stents. Thirty-seven patients had coronary artery disease. Technical success rate, stroke/death/ myocardial infarction rate at 30 days, access-site complications, and contrast-induced nephropathy were assessed. For the evaluation of the influence of experience in carotid artery stenting on complications, the patients were divided into two groups: Group 1 included the first 20 treated patients and Group 2 comprised the remainder of the patients.Results: The overall technical success rate was 100%. The cumulative in-hospital stroke death rate was 7.5% (n=3: 2 deaths and 1 major stroke). Complications were more frequent in Group 1 (2/20, 10%; 2 deaths) than in Group 2 (1/20, 5%; 1 major stroke), but this was not statistically significant (p value=0.09). No access-site complications occurred, and mild contrast-induced nephropathy occurred in 3 patients (7.5%). No major stroke or neurological deaths occurred during a mean follow-up of 12 months.Conclusion: Carotid stenting seemed feasible and relatively safe in our experience. Advanced experience in carotid artery stenting appears to confer an acceptable peri-procedural stroke-death rate.

Adipsic diabetes insipidus (ADI) is a rare and challenging complication secondary to several neurosurgical procedures. It can lead to severe hyperosmolarity and is associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Considering the variable time of thirst sensation recovery, long-term treatment is accompanied with the risk of extreme extracellular osmolality fluctuations. Herein, we report 3 cases of this rare presentation of hypothalamic injury.

No large study has been conducted on biopsy-proven nephropathies. Our aim was to report clinical and pathological pattern of kidney disease diagnosed by kidney biopsy in our center. This is a retrospective study on kidney biopsy during 7 years; we analyzed the results of kidney biopsies and their clinical data. Data were analyzed by SPSS 18. 0 and a P <. 05 was considered. In 1355 kidney biopsies (55. 7% women, age = 33. 2 ± 16. 4), primary glomerulonephritis (GN) was the main feature (57. 1%). The most common presentation was asymptomatic urine abnormality (32. 3%). Lupus nephritis (24. 5%), membranous GN (17. 0%), and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (13. 9%) were the most frequent diagnosis. This study highlights the histopathological patterns of kidney disease in southern Iran. lupus nephritis, membranous GN, and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis are currently the three major diseases. These results have an important role in organizing renal health plans as an initial phase in our population.

BACKGROUND: Kala-azar is a multisystem infection of the reticuloendothelial system. Various hematologic abnormalities have been described in kala-azar including hemophagocytic syndrome (HPS).METHODS: We reviewed bone marrow aspirate smears from 18 documented cases of kala-azar complicated by HPS.RESULTS: The bone marrow smears were hypercellular with erythroid hyperplasia. Megaloblastic changes, foamy macrophages, activated macrophages with cytoplasmic vacuoles and elongated cytoplasmic process, intra- and extracellular amastigotes, cytoplasmic fragments (blue bodies), plasma cells with inclusions and hemophagocytic cells were seen. Leishman bodies (amastigotes) were also found in some hemophagocytic cells.CONCLUSION: Kala-azar should be considered as an etiology of HPS, particularly in endemic areas.